On this significant occasion of the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, it is fitting to extend warm greetings and express gratitude from Estonia for the enduring support received from the American nation over the years. Estonia recognizes and appreciates the valuable partnership shared with the United States, characterized by common values of freedom, democracy, and respect for human rights. American support has played a crucial role in Estonia's journey toward independence, security, and economic development. On this special day, Estonia joins in celebrating the shared commitment to liberty and the principles that bind our nations together.
Estonian immigration to the United States commenced in the late 19th century, marking the beginning of a historical connection between the two nations. Official diplomatic relations between Estonia and the United States were established de jure on July 28, 1922, solidifying the bilateral ties.
During World War II, Estonia, along with the other Balticstates, faced illegal annexation by the Soviet Union. The United States played a significant role during this tumultuous period by denouncing the Soviet occupation and refusing to recognize the annexation. The U.S. government supported the Baltic states' right to independence and provided political and moral support to the Estonian people.
The Welles Declaration, released by Sumner Welles, the acting Secretary of State of the United States, on July 23, 1940, was a significant event in denouncing Soviet aggression against Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The declaration condemned the illegal annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union and firmly stated that the United States would not recognize the Soviet actions.
The declaration served as a foundation for the United States' unwavering commitment to supporting the Baltic states' quest for independence and highlighted the enduring refusal to legitimize the Soviet Union's actions. This principled position taken by the United States played a significant role in maintaining international awareness of the Baltic states' plight and ultimately contributed to their eventual restoration of independence in 1991.
The Welles Declaration not only declared the United States' non-recognition of the Soviet Union's authority over Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania but also had practical implications for the Baltic states' representation and financial assets. It allowed Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to maintain independent consulates in the United States, ensuring their continued diplomatic presence and representation. Additionally, the declaration provided a measure of protection for the Baltic states' financial resources, safeguarding their assets until they regained their independence in 1991. This allowed the Baltic states to preserve their institutions and maintain a degree of autonomy despite the Soviet occupation. The Welles Declaration's provisions played a vital role in supporting the Baltic states' ongoing struggle for independence and helped pave the way for their eventual restoration of sovereignty.
The Estonian American National Council (EANC) was established on July 19, 1952, with the primary goal of working towards the restoration of Estonia's independence. As an organization representing the Estonian-American community, the EANC played a crucial role in advocating for the recognition of Estonia's sovereignty and supporting the aspirations of the Estonian people for self-determination. The EANC engaged in various activities, including lobbying efforts, raising awareness about the Baltic states' situation, and promoting cultural ties between Estonia and the United States. Throughout its existence, the EANC remained committed to preserving and strengthening the Estonian identity and supporting Estonia's path towards independence, contributing to the eventual restoration of Estonia's sovereignty in 1991.
Under the leadership of Charles Kersten, a committee in the United States House of Representatives conducted an important initiative to gather eyewitness accounts of events in the Baltic States during the 1940s. This committee aimed to document and shed light on the Soviet occupation and its consequences in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. By gathering first hand testimonies, the committee sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of the human rights violations, political repression, and cultural suppression experienced by the Baltic peoples under Soviet rule. This effort played a crucial role in raising international awareness of the Baltic states' plight and helped to garner support for their cause of regaining independence.
The United States Congress has been a consistent and reliable ally for Baltic refugees, providing an influential channel for raising awareness about the fate of Estonia and seeking support. Whether through mail, telephone, or personal visits, reaching out to local congressmen made it effortless to engage with them and communicate the challenges faced by Estonia and the Baltic states. The Congress has been instrumental in amplifying the voices of Baltic refugees and advocating for their cause within the United States. By leveraging their influence and resources, congressmen have helped bring attention to the plight of Estonia and the Baltic states, fostering support and empathy among their fellow lawmakers and the American public. The United States Congress has played a significant role in promoting solidarity with Baltic refugees and supporting their aspirations for freedom and independence.
On July 26, 1983, which marked the 61st anniversary of the United States' recognition of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, President Ronald Reagan reaffirmed the acknowledgment of their independence. In his declaration, President Reagan reiterated the United States' unwavering support for the Baltic states' sovereignty and highlighted their ongoing struggle for freedom. This reaffirmation resonated beyond the United States and echoed in the United Nations, where it helped solidify international support for the Baltic states' sovereignty. President Reagan's statement in 1983 served as a powerful symbol of American commitment to the cause of Baltic independence and contributed to the growing global recognition and support for the Baltic states' aspirations for self-determination.
During the 51 years of Soviet occupation, the United States consistently included a statement of non-recognition of the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in all official maps and publications that mentioned the Baltic states. This declaration underscored the United States' firm stance on not accepting the legitimacy of the Soviet occupation. After years of struggle, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania successfully regained their independence in August 1991. The persistent non-recognition policy of the United States, along with international support, played a significant role in maintaining awareness of the Baltic states' plight and eventually contributed to their restoration of sovereignty.
On August 20, 1991, Estonia regained its freedom. Following this historic event, the United States embassy in Tallinn resumed its operations in October 1991. Initially, the embassy operated out of temporary quarters located at the Palace Hotel. This allowed the embassy to establish a presence in Tallinn and facilitate diplomatic engagement between the United States and Estonia during the early stages of Estonia's re-emergence as an independent nation.
The US embassy in Tallinn resumed operations in the same building on Kentmanni Street a few months later, in February 1992. This building had previously served as the location of the US legation to Estonia before World War II. Unfortunately, the legation was forced to close in September 1940 due to the Soviet occupation. The reopening of the US embassy in the same building held historical significance, symbolizing the re-establishment of diplomatic ties between the United States and Estonia after decades of occupation and the restoration of Estonia's independence.
On June 20, 2023, an agreement was signed between the United States government and the city of Tallinn, officially finalizing the purchase of the land between Suur-Amerika and Väike-Amerika Streets in Tallinn. The purpose of this land acquisition is to facilitate the construction of a new US Embassy in the city. This agreement represents a significant step forward in strengthening the diplomatic presence and bilateral relations between the United States and Estonia. The construction of new embassy premises signifies the commitment of both nations to fostering closer ties and enhancing cooperation in various fields.
The purchase of the property between Suur-Amerika and Väike-Amerika Streets in Tallinn for the construction of a new US Embassy marks a significant milestone in the project. The planned embassy is set to be larger than the previous one, emphasizing the importance placed on the diplomatic relationship between the United States and Estonia. The acquisition of the property is not only a crucial step in the detailed planning process with the city of Tallinn, but also serves as a significant symbol of the close and evolving relations between the two nations. The new embassy project signifies the commitment to further strengthening cooperation and fostering mutual understanding between the United States and Estonia.
American support has played a crucial role for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania as they seek security assurances in the wake of Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014. In response to heightened regional tensions, NATO troops, including those from the United States, were permanently stationed in the Baltic states. This deployment signified the clear role played by the United States in ensuring the security and stability of its Baltic allies. The presence of NATO forces, particularly those from the United States, has provided a tangible demonstration of the commitment to defend the Baltic states against potential threats. This ongoing support has been essential in bolstering the security and confidence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and reinforcing their position within the transatlantic alliance.
The partnership between Estonia and the United States goes beyond security cooperation and encompasses robust economic ties. The United States ranks among the top 10 export partners for Estonia, highlighting the importance of trade between the two nations. Furthermore, Estonian high-tech companies and start-ups have thrived with the support of American funding, expanding their operations into the United States. This expansion not only allows these companies to access a larger market but also contributes to the preservation of jobs in Estonia. The exchange of expertise, investment, and innovation between Estonia and the United States has fostered a mutually beneficial relationship, driving economic growth and promoting entrepreneurial opportunities in both countries.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, had ancestral ties to Tallinner colonists from the 17th century who settled in New Amsterdam. These colonists, who originated from Tallinn in Estonia, played a part in shaping President Roosevelt's lineage. This historical connection adds an interesting dimension to President Roosevelt's heritage and highlights the rich historical ties between Estonia and the United States.
Toomas Hendrik Ilves, born on December 26, 1953, in Sweden, was the son of Estonian parents who had fled Estonia following its occupation by the Soviet Union during World War II. He was raised in New Jersey, United States. Ilves served as the President of Estonia from 2006 to 2016. Throughout his tenure, Ilves played a significant role in promoting Estonia's interests, both domestically and internationally. He focused on advancing Estonia's digital transformation and cybersecurity, earning the country a reputation as a leading innovator in the field. Ilves' leadership contributed to Estonia's economic development and strengthened its position in the European Union and NATO. His background as an Estonian-American underscored his commitment to Estonia's independence and democratic values.
Happy Independence Day to the United States of America, our true ally! I respectfully request that you give Ukraine all the armaments it needs on this day to reclaim its independence and territorial integrity.
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